Sector informal urbano: crédito y heterogeneidad productiva

Heterogeneidad, WAN y Nuevas Aplicaciones de los Algoritmos Evolutivos Paralelos

Resumen—Este trabajo pretende cubrir un vaćıo en el campo de las nuevas tendencias de optimización con algoritmos evolutivos paralelos. En primer lugar presentamos una descripción unificada de estos algoritmos, y después pasamos a discutir los principales desaf́ıos a los que se enfrentan dichos algoritmos en relación a las nuevas tendencias, es decir, los mecanismos básicos para desarrollar apli...

Modernizing the informal sector

Th e multiplicity of policies proposed to support the informal sector refl ects the lack of a common defi nition. Although they may produce positive eff ects, these are limited and fail to constitute a comprehensive strategic approach. Th e diff erent interpretations in the absence of a common defi nition as well as the strategies emerging from them are reviewed. Th e identifi cation of informa...

Understanding the "informal Sector": a Survey

Informal Sector, Productivity and Tax Collection∗

The informal sector is a prominent characteristic of many developing countries. Most of the literature has focused on understanding the determinants of informality. The connection between the informal sector and economic development is, nonetheless, relatively less understood. One of the most important determinants of informality is the tax enforcement quality of a country which, some authors a...

The Informal Sector: Perspectives from the Literature